[شلمار]

Negation النفي

1) الأفعال المساعدة (am , is , are , was , were) to Be/
(have , has , had) to Have
الأفعال الناقصة shall, should, will, would, can, could, may , might, must
تنفي هذه الأفعال بوضع not بعدها
I have a car I have not a car.
2) الأفعال الأساسية to Do , main verbs.
1) إذا كان الفعل مضارع ينفى بوضع don’t قبله
2) إذا كان الفعل مضارع به s ينفى بوضع doesn’t قبله مع حذف s
3) إذا كان الفعل ماضي ينفى بوضع didn’t قبله مع رجوع الفعل لأصله
* She bought meat . She didn’t buy meat.
usually – sometimes – often – always – rarely – never 4)
تنفى هذه الكلمات بوضع never مكانها
* He usually eats beans in the morning.
He never eats beans in the morning.
some one- some thing – some body – some where 5)
تنفى some بوضع any بدلا منها مع نفي الفعل
أو تنفى بوضع no بدلا منها مع ثبات الفعل
* She gave her mother something.
She didn’t give her mother any thing.
She gave her mother nothing.
6) used to تنفى بـ used not to - didn’t use to
* He used to drink tea at 5:00.
He used not to drink tea at 5:00.
He didn’t use to drink tea at 5:00.
7) Both………and – either ……or
تنفى بـ Neither ………nor
لاحظ الجمع * Both Ali and I are teachers.
Neither Ali nor I is a teacher.
8) and so تنفى بـ and nor مع نفي الفعل
* She is divorced مطلقة and so is her sister.
She isn’t divorced and nor is her sister.
مع نفى الفعل . Yet تنفى بـ Already – just
* They have already started the race .
-They haven’t started the race yet .
* She has just finished cooking .
-She has not finished cooking yet .

not as …….as عند النفي as …….as 9)
not so …………..as أو
* He is as clever as his friend .
-He is not as clever as his friend .
-He is not so clever as his friend .
مع نفى الفعل either تنفى بـtoo أو also*10)
go to the theater too .
- They will not go to the theater either.

Change the following sentences into negative :
1- The sick child needs a doctor.
2- Horses sleep in stables at night.
3- There is some butter in the disk.
4- All the boys were ready to begin the lesson
5- Give me some meat, please.
6- There is salt in my soup.
7- She tells lies.
8- I need help.
9- They talk to somebody during the lesson.
10-I eat something between meals.
11-Mary plays either the violin or the piano.
12-She can cook very well.
13-The answer is either right or wrong.
14-Both Aly and his brother are careless.
15-Both of the boys speak good English.
16-i have always seen such a beautiful picture.
17-We have always finished our exercises so quickly.
18-The team always plays better than when you conduct it.
19-If you go to Alexandria, so shall I.
20-Every girl played music.
21-We always fulfil our promise.
22-He bought some books.
23-Everyone felt happy.
24-He sold me some pencils.
25-We have sugar.


Comparison of Adjectives مقارنة الصفات

* الصفة تصف الاسم وتأتى قبله
* من الممكن أن تأتى بعد v. to be كخبر *He is poor
* من الممكن أن تأتى الصفة بعد become - go
- They become rich . - The milk went bad .
- They are clever . الصفة لا تجمع
الصفة ذات المقطع الواحد
- He is a short man . عندما نصف شخص أو شيء
* عند المقارنة بين اثنين تكون القاعدة هي إضافة er للصفة + than
Ahmed is shorter than Mohammed.
* إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف Y مسبوقة بحرف ساكن تصبح ier
* Marwa is happier than Mona.
* إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك تضعف الحرف الساكن
* Aswan is hotter than Cairo.
* عندما تكون الصفة بنفس القدر عند المقارنة تستخدم
as + adj. + as
Amal is as beautiful as the moon.
* عند المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين تكون القاعدة هي إضافة est إلى نهاية الصفة وتسبق الصفة the
* Magdy is the tallest boy in our school.
* Our house is the biggest one in the street.
الصفة ذات المقطعين أو أكثر
* عندما نصف شخص أو شيء * Mona is a beautiful girl.
* عند المقارنة بين اثنين تكون القاعدة هي more + adj. + than
* Dalia is more beautiful than Mona.
* عند المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين تكون القاعدة هي : the most + adj
* Amal is the most beautiful girl in
the school.
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