[شلمار]

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

الجمل الشرطية

IF CLOUSE Independent clause Time
meant Kind of
condition
Type 1 Present simple Future simple future probable
If he studies hard, he will succeed.
Type 2 Past simple Would/should + inf. Present or future. improbable
If he studied hard, he would ( might)succeed.
Type 3 Past prefect Would/should + have + p.p past Impossible or unfulfilled
If he had studied hard, he would have succeeded.
* تستعمل unless أيضا مثل Ifفي ربط الجمل الشرطية If clause بالجمل الرئيسية المتبوعة principal clause ، وهي تساوي If not .
*القواعد الخاصة مع If هي نفس القواعد المستخدمة مع unless
- If she had not made that mistake, she would have passed the examination.
- Unless she had made that mistake, she ………………………..
في الحالة الثالثة عندما نشير إلى شيء حدث في الماضي ولكن تأثيره أو نتيجته واضحة الأن، من الممكن استخدام would + be بدلا من would + have + التصريف الثالث.
* If he had saved the money , he would be happy now.

Choose the correct answer:
1- If you had told the doctor you were in pain, you ( were given – will be given –had been given- would have been given) an injection before.
2- If you stuck another stamp on this letter, it (would have been sent- would be sent – would be sending- was sent) by air.
3- Had the employment agency had your address, you ( would inform- would have been informed-would be informing)earlier.
4- Had you sent me a letter earlier, I (shall reserve- would reserve- should have reserved- shall reserve) a room for you.
5- He ( has been operated on – would have been operated on – will be operated on – had operated on ) if the doctor thinks it is necessary.
6- He ( learned – had learned- would have learned- would learn) more if you had agreed to help him.
7- If we ( put up – had put up – have put up – were putting up) the tent, we wouldn’t have got wet.
8- Unless they improved the roads, trade ( didn’t flourish- wouldn’t flourish- won’t flourish – wouldn’t have flourished).
9- If the Russian winter had not been so severe, Napoleon ( had- had had – might have had- might have) more success in 1812.
10- Were he to come now , he ( will find - would find- would have found- found ) me.
11- Had he money, he ( will – would – may ) help me.
12- Had he kept his word, he ( would have- will have – may have ) helped him.
13- Had she traveled to Tanta, she ( will stay – would stay- might stay- would have stayed) there.
14- Had he studied his lessons, he ( would – may – can ) have understood everything.
15- Were I in his place, I ( will do – would do – would have done) the same thing.
16- Unless he had done his best, he ( will have – would have – may have) succeeded.
17- Had he done his best, he ( will have – would have – may have) managed to do it.
18- If he does not come early, he ( will punish-will be punished- would be punished).
19- Unless I had warned him, he (will fall- would fall- would had fallen) in the pitch.
20- If aeroplanes had not been invented, traveling ( would be – might be – would have been ) difficult.

ملاحظات هامة
لاحظ الآتي جيدا وستجده مشروحا بالتفصيل في جزء ( clause, phrase ) .
1. a) Instead of “ If the little boy failed ( or were to fail )” we may use
((Were the little boy to fail)).
b) Instead of “ If it rains ( or rained ) “ we may use
((Should it rain.))
c) Instead of “ If it had rained “ we may use ( Had it rained))
d) Instead of “ If you follow my advice” we may say
((Provided that – Provided – Providing – Providing that بشرط أن you follow)) or (On condition that you follow.))
2. “Whether – or” are used to introduce alternative conditions.
Ex. Whether he goes or stays we shall remain.
3.Unless = If not
Ex. Unless he paid the money, he would be imprisoned.
4. “In case of “ or ” In the event of “can be used to change a clause of condition ( in the affirmative) في حالة المثبت into a phrase.
Ex. If he worked hard, he would succeed.
In case of working hard, he would succeed.
5. “ Without ”, “But for ” can be used to change a clause of condition (in the negative) في حالة النفي into a phrase .
Ex. -If he had not helped us, we should have drowned.
-Without (But for) his help, we should have drowned.
Also: -Without (but for) helping us, we should have drowned.

6. * If it isn’t for…………….مع الحالة الأولى
** If it weren’t for…………… مع الحالة الثانية
*** If it hadn’t been for…………..مع الحالة الثالثة

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:
1. If I see hem, I (give) him a lift.
2. If I had a typewriter,. I (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
4. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) ?
5. The flight might be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
6. If the milkman (come), tell him to leave two pints.
7. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) mad.
8. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.

Active & Passive Voice المبنى للمعلوم والمبنى للمجهول

عند بناء الجملة الخبرية للمجهول نتبع الآتي :
1) الفاعل يتأخر إلى آخر الجملة مسبوقا بكلمة by ويمكن حذفه
2) لمفعول به يتقدم إلى أول الجملة ليصبح فاعلا.
3) تأتى بتصريف v. To Be فى نفس زمن الجملة ومناسبا للفاعل الجديد
4) نضع الفعل الأصلى للجملة فى التصريف الثالث .
Mona plays tennis. Tennis is played by Mona.
- Tennis is played by Mona.
V. To Be تصريفات

مضارع بسيط am – is – are
في الأزمنة البسيطة ماضي بسيط was - were
Am
مستقبل بسيط is + going to + be / will be/ shall be
are
في الأزمنة المستمرة مضارع مستمر am being – is being – are being
ماضي مستمر was being- were being
في الأزمنة التامة مضارع تام have been – has been
ماضي تام had been
مع الأفعال الناقصة be + الفعل الناقص



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