[شلمار]

The present continuous tense
زمن المضارع المستمر

Correct the verb in brackets :
1- Please don’t make so much noise . I ( study ).
2- Look ! some body ( climb ) up that tree over there.
3- Look ! that man ( try ) to open the door of your car.
4- I ( not belong ) to apolitical party.
5- Hurry ! the bus ( come ) . I ( not want ) to mess it.
6- The River Nile ( flow ) into Mediterranean.
7- The River ( flow ) very fast today much faster than usual.
8- We usually ( grow ) vegetables in our garden but this year we ( not grow ) any ?
9- a : can you drive ?
b : no , but I ( learn ) my father ( teach ) me.
10- You can borrow my umbrella . I ( not need ) it at the moment.

II Choose the correct answer :
1- Raghda (do– does – is doing) her home work now. she usually (do– does – is doing ) it in the evening.
2- He generally (speak – speaks – is speaking) French, but ( speak – speaks – is speaking ) English now.
3- (Do you listen - are you listening- listen) to what I ( say – says – am saying) ?
4- Huda usually (is wearing– wears – wear ) a coat to go shopping, but today as a sun ( shines – shine - is shining ) she ( doesn’t wear - isn’t wearing - don’t wear ) one.
5- He generally ( come – comes - is coming ) to my office every day but today he ( visit - visits – is visiting ) his parents in the country.

The past continuous tense
زمن الماضي المستمر

I.Put the verb in the correct form , past continuous or past simple:
1- Zaki ……… ( fall ) off the ladder while he ……. ( paint ) the ceiling.
2- Last night ……. ( read ) in bed when suddenly ……… ( hear ) a scream.
3- ………… ( you / watch ) television when I phoned you ?
4- Salwa ……… ( wait ) for me when I ………… ( arrive ).
5- I ……… ( not / drive ) very fast when the accident ……..( happen ).
6- I ………. ( break ) a plate last night.
7- ….…… ( do ) the washing up . when it ..…….. ( slip ) out my hand.
8- we ……… ( not / go ) out because it ………… ( rain).
9- what ………. ( you / do ) at this time yesterday ?
10- I ……… ( see ) Hoda at the party . she ……….. ( were ) a beautiful dress.

II choose the correct answer
1- I ( find – found – have found – was finding ) the ring as I ( dig – dug – was digging ) in the garden .
2- It ( rained – was raining – raining – has rained ) when we ( are going – went – going ) out.
3- Ahmed ( was getting – getting – got – has got ) off the train while it (was going – going – went ).
4- She ( live – was living – has been living ) in Kuwait when Saddam Hussien ( invaded – invading – was invading ) it
5- He ( hurt – hurting – was hurting has hurt ) his foot while he ( climbed – climb – was climbing ) the tree.
6- When I ( arriving – was arrived – arrived ) at the house he ( still sleeping – still slept – was still sleeping – has been sleeping ).
7- She ( was talking –talked – talking ) to her neighbour when the baby (begin – began – was beginning ) to cry.
8- My friend (walk – walked – was walking) in the garden when I (meet – met – am meeting) him.

The future continuous tense

Put the verbs in brackets in the future continuous tense:
1- This time next month I (sit) on the beach.
2- When you arrived I probably (watch) TV.
3- I (wait) for you when you come out.
4- When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.
5- We have to do night duty. I (do) mine next week.
6- In a hundred years’ time people (go) to Mars for their holiday.
7- He (use) the camera this afternoon.
8- I (see) you again.
9- I’ve just remembered that I left the bathroom taps on. I expect the water (flow) down the stairs by now
10- You (need) your camera tomorrow or can I borrow it?


يتبع

[شلمار]

The past prefect continuos tense

I- Put the verb into the correct form, past prefect continuos or past continuos
1- Yasser was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ………. ( look ) for his pencil.
2- We ……….. ( walk ) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift.
3- When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table with their mouth full. They ……….. (eat)
4- When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They ……. ( eat ).
5- When I arrived, Nawal ……….. ( wait ) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ……… ( wait ) for a very long time

II – Correct the verbs use simple , continues and prefect past
1- He (give) me back the book and (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much, but I (know) that he (not read) it because the bag (be) still uncut.
2- I (put) the five pound note into one of my books, but next day it (take) me long to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
3- I (think) my train (leave) at 4.30 and (be) very disappointment when I (arrive) at 4.30 and (learn) that it just (leave). I (find) later that I (use) an out – of date timetable.

General Objective Tests On Tenses

1- The Suez Canal (joins – is joining – will join) the East to the West.
2- I wish I (know – knew – will know) English will.
3- My father (lived – has been living – had lived) in Aswan since 1960.
4- We expect the bus (was – will be – to be) late.
5- There was (no – none – not) body waiting at the bus stop.
6- I have not seen my uncle (for - ago – since) the last two weeks.
7- Don’t get off the bus till it (stopped – will stop – stops).
8- Suppose I (get – will get – got) there late.
9- I haven’t seen the cinema (from – since – for) over a month.
10- I ( didn’t speak – have never spoken ) to a foreigner since I (have started - started) learning English.
11- After they ( left – had left ) I ( go – went – had gone ) home.
12- The light (go out – went out ) while we ( watched – watching – were watching ) television.
13- He always talks as though he (addressed – had addressed – would address) a public meeting.
14- While he (repaired – was repairing – has been repairing ) his roof, he had a bad fall.
15- He has been here (for – since – from) the last month.
16- He treated us as if we (are – were – had been) all idiots.
17- Her phone (has been ringing – is ringing – was ringing) for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn’t answer it.
18- In a few days’ time they (will be flying – will fly – will have flown) over the North pole.
19- After I (have had - had had –had) some biscuits, I had a drink.
20- He (chewed- was chewing- had been chewing) gum, so of course he couldn’t speak properly.
21- This telegram has just arrived and the boy (waits – shall wait – is waiting) in case you want to send a reply.
22- If only I (was – were – will be) insured.
23- He usually drinks coffee, but to day be (drinks – will drink – is drinking) tea.
24- I wish I (am – was were) younger.
25- By the end of the month 5000 people (will see – will be seeing – will have seen) the exhibition.
26- He (has been speaking – was speaking – is speaking) for an hour now, I expect he’ll soon be finished.
27- I (never saw – have never seen – will never see) such a mess as this.
28- I (have explained – have been explaining – is explaining) for hour, doesn’t even one of you understand it now?
29- By this time next year I (shall save – shall be saving – shall have saved) tow hundred pounds.
30- We (are living – were living – have been living) here since 1970.
31- By the end of this week his illness (will cost – will have cost – will be costing) him five hundred pounds.
32- Where (were you – have you been – are you) all this morning? it’s nearly midday now.
33- I’ll wait until he (write – writes - will write) his next novel.
34- I’ve just remembered that I left the bathroom taps on, I expect the water (will be flowing – is flowing – has been flowing) down the stairs by now.
35- While I was talking, she (interrupted- was interrupting- had interrupted) me.
36- We (are living – were living – had been living) here since 1970.
37- I wish I (was – were – had been) at the party yesterday.
38- We went to Nagi’s house but we were too late. H e (has gone – had gone – had been) out already so we could not see him.
39- He hasn’t been here (three weeks ago – for three weeks – since three weeks).
40- When he comes to see us, he usually (brings – is bringing – will bring) something with him.
41- When he had got what he wanted he (has gone – went – had gone) home.
42- I guessed that he wouldn’t return until he (has spent – would have spent– had spent) all his money.
43- Some hospitals (are lacking – lacking – lack) good doctors.
44- I didn’t know that he (had finished – has finished – finished) already.
45- I don’t think this (requires – is requiring – require) an answer.
46- Since 1975 he (was working – has worked – has been working) at Tanta and he is still there.
47- For the past ten minutes I (was waiting – has waited – has been waiting) for my friend, but he hasn’t arrived yet.
48- The bus came after I (have been waiting - was waiting - had been waiting).
49- I wonder what we (are doing – will be doing – do) this time next year.
50- How old (were you – have you been – will you be) when you got married?


يتبع

[شلمار]

GENERAL EXERCISES ON TENSES

1- I never (see) so beautiful a garden.
2- The people (put) out the fire before the firemen (arrive).
3- The pupils (learn) English grammar now.
4- My friends just (telephone) me to say that he (not come) to night.
5- I already (remember) the old story.
6- Mary (write) an exercise now.
7- He (live) in England since 1960.
8- I (see) you yesterday, you (sit) outside a café.
9- He (take) the money after I (ask) him not to do so.
10- He usually (write) in green ink.
11- The train (leave), before I (arrive).
12- I (not see) my friend since his absence.
13- Two months ago I (meet) a very interesting gentleman while I (travel) to Aswan.
14- I am sorry I (not know) that you (leave) your book when you (call) on me last Friday.
15- I (not hear) yet whether he (pass) the examination which (be) held a month ago.
16- My brother (not feel) well lately, so yesterday he (go) to the doctor who (advise) him to take a few days rest.
17- Since I (come) back from my holiday I (work) hard as I (want) to make up for. يعوض the time I (lose).
18- While I (write) a letter my brother (telephone) me.
19- He (promise) a week ago that he (return) the books he (borrow) last month , but he (not do) so yet.
20- When they (finish) talking they shook hands and were out separately.
21- It’s high time they (mend) this road.
22- It (rain) for two days now, there’ll be a flood soon.
23- I (wait) here till he comes back.
24- I (lend) you my bicycle whenever you want it.
25- I (never see) him in my life, so of course I could not recognize him.
26- When he (return), I’ll give him the key.
27- You talk as though it (be) a small thing to leave your country forever.
28- What you (tell) the police? I (till) the truth.
29- After I (work) for sometime, I (hear) a knock at the door.
30- While he (learn) to drive, he (have) many accidents.
31- I hate driving, I’d much rather you (drive).
32- We (miss)the bus , now we shall have to walk.
33- When I looked out I found it (rain) all night.
34- Here are your shoes , he just (clean)them .
35- By next winter they (build) four houses in the field .
36- You’d better go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano all day.
37- Suppose you (not know) where your next meal was coming from.
38- I still (lie) on the road when I (see) a lorry approaching.
39- If you think it over, you (see) I am right.
40- If only he (know) then that the disease was curable.
41- You (drive) all day .Let me drive now.
42- What you (see) in the corner over there?
43- We (finish) the project by the end of the year.
44- We (live) in Alexandria for many years when the event took place.
45- What do you think the children (do) when we get home?
I expect they (have) their supper.


How to make a question
كيفية تكوين السؤال



أولا: السؤال بـــ هل yes / no questions
أي السؤال الذي تكون إجابته بـ no أو yes
1) بوضع تصريفات to be أو to have قبل الفاعل
(am , is , are , was , were / have , has , had )
- Samy has got a car. -Has Samy got a car?
- He was clever. - Was he clever?
2) بتقديم الفعل على الفاعل
(will – would – can – could – shall – should – may – might-must)
# Can you carry this box ?
- yes , I can carry this box .
3) إن لم يكن في الجملة فعل مساعد أو فعل ناقص أي أن الزمن في الجملة مضارع بسيط أو ماضي بسيط فإننا نستخدم في هذه الحالة v. to do
مضارع بسيط
do
مضارع بسيط (S)
does
ماضي بسيط
did
و تقدمه على الفاعل مع ملاحظة أن الفعل يعود إلى تصريفه الأول # Did you buy a house last week ?
- yes , I bought a house last week .

ثانيا: السؤال بأدوات الاستفهام Who . question
عند السؤال بأدوات الاستفهام فإننا نتبع نفس خطوات السؤال بــ(هل)
ونضع أداة الاستفهام في بداية السؤال مع حذف الشيء الذي نسأل عنه .
-عند السؤال بـ Who نحذف الفاعل ونضع Who مكانه بدون تغيير، وكذلك الحال بالنسبة لـ What



يتبع

[شلمار]

أدوات الاستفهام Interrogative words

من : السؤال عن الفاعل العاقل
من : السؤال عن المفعول العاقل
من – أى: السؤال عن الأشخاص أو الأشياء وفى التخيير Who telephoned you?
Whom did you meet yesterday?
Which do you prefer ?
لمن: للسؤال عن الملكية
لماذا: للسؤال عن السبب (الغرض)
ما-ماذا : للسؤال عن الأشياء
متى: للسؤال عن الزمان
أين: للسؤال عن المكان
كيف: للسؤال عن الحال
كم عدد :
كم للكمية :
كم ثمن :
كم عمر :
ما طول (أشياء)
ما المدة:
ما طول (للإنسان والأشياء الضيقة)
ما ارتفاع
ما عرض
ما عمق
كم للمسافة
ما السرعة
كم للوزن
كم مرة
ما لون Whose book is it ?

Why did you travel to Benha?

What is your name ?

When do you usually get up ?

Where do you live ?
How are you ? / How can I go to the station ?

How many desks are there in your class room?

How much oil do you want ?

How much does it cost ?

How old are you?
How long is the street ?

How long does it take ?
How tall is the tree ?

How high is the building?

How wide is the car?

How deep is the well?

How far is it from Cairo to Alex?

How heavy is this fruit?

How often do you go to the cinema?

What color is it?

Ali bought six eggs at the grocer’s yesterday .
من Who “ “ “ “ “ “ “ ?
هل Did Ali buy “ “ “ “ “ ?
ماذا What did Ali buy “ “ “ “ ?
كم How many eggs did Ali buy at the “ ?
أين Where did Ali buy six eggs yesterday ?
متى When did Ali buy “ “ at the grocer’s ?



يتبع

[شلمار]

QUESTION-TAGS (or TALL PHRASES)

• Many English sentences, especially in conversation, consist of an affirmative statement followed by an interrogative negative construction
كثير من الجمل الإنجليزية، وخاصة فى المحادثات، تتكون من عبارة أو جملة مثبتة يتبعها استفهام منفى.
Ex: Yesterday was the first the month ,wasn’t it ?
Ex: They came by car, didn’t they ?
Ex: He will arrive tomorrow, won’t he ?
• Negative statements are followed by interrogative forms of the auxiliary verb.
الجمل المنفية يتبعها استفهام مثبت للفعل المساعد
Ex: You aren’t angry, are you?
Ex: Mary doesn’t dance well, does she?

Study the following:
Ex: I’m your favorite, aren’t I?
Ex: Let’s go out for a walk, shall we ?
Ex: Open the door, will you?

Make questions by using question word :
1- The village is supplied with electricity.
2- He showed me the way to the station.
3- As you have written this page badly you must write it again.
4- It is not wise to drink this water as it is not boiled.
5- I had lent it to him before you met me yesterday.
6- I sent my coat back to the tailor.
7- My father has traveled to England.
8- I cannot teach Greek.
9- I met my friend Taha yesterday.
10- He cannot recognize objects as he is blind.
11- It was built in 1930.
12- Much progress has been made lately.
13- He is living in a hotel now.
14- He has never gone to school since he lost his father.
15- He doesn’t know how to lead a happy life.
16- America was discovered by Columbus.
17- Yesterday I bought a new watch.
18- Spaceships travel to the moon.
19- You can get in touch with other people by means of the telephone.
20- You will see her there.
21- He won the top prize.
22- She loves her country very much.
23- We save money for time of need.
24- The moon lights our way at night.
25- The Ancient Egyptians were great people.
26- Unity is strength.
27- Palestine will never be forgotten.
28- He lost a great deal of money.
29- We are ready to sacrifice our lives for the sake of our dear land.
30- The Arab countries own great amounts of petroleum.

Add suitable question-tags (tail-phrases):
1- It’s too cold today …………………………..………?
2- Jack likes ice-cream, …………………….…………?
3- We are learning fast ,……………………………….?
4- You don’t like cheese ,…………………………..…?
5- We never eat meat,…………………………………?
6- I make all my own dresses,…………………………?
7- These boys haven’t been here very long,…………..?
8- We must try hard to succeed,………………………?
9- You can speak English well,………………………?
10- She doesn’t see well,……………………………..?
11- John is a good footballer,…………………………?
12- Let’s help him,…………………………………...?
13- Tom won’t be late,……………………………….?
14- It’s very expensive,……………………………….?
15- It’s a beautiful day,……………………………….?
16- It’s he works very hard,………………………….?
17- He hasn’t any money,……………………………?
18- Tom could help you,……………………………..?
19- Shut the window,…………………………………?
20- I am very tired,…………………………………..?


يتبع

[شلمار]

Negation النفي

1) الأفعال المساعدة (am , is , are , was , were) to Be/
(have , has , had) to Have
الأفعال الناقصة shall, should, will, would, can, could, may , might, must
تنفي هذه الأفعال بوضع not بعدها
I have a car I have not a car.
2) الأفعال الأساسية to Do , main verbs.
1) إذا كان الفعل مضارع ينفى بوضع don’t قبله
2) إذا كان الفعل مضارع به s ينفى بوضع doesn’t قبله مع حذف s
3) إذا كان الفعل ماضي ينفى بوضع didn’t قبله مع رجوع الفعل لأصله
* She bought meat . She didn’t buy meat.
usually – sometimes – often – always – rarely – never 4)
تنفى هذه الكلمات بوضع never مكانها
* He usually eats beans in the morning.
He never eats beans in the morning.
some one- some thing – some body – some where 5)
تنفى some بوضع any بدلا منها مع نفي الفعل
أو تنفى بوضع no بدلا منها مع ثبات الفعل
* She gave her mother something.
She didn’t give her mother any thing.
She gave her mother nothing.
6) used to تنفى بـ used not to - didn’t use to
* He used to drink tea at 5:00.
He used not to drink tea at 5:00.
He didn’t use to drink tea at 5:00.
7) Both………and – either ……or
تنفى بـ Neither ………nor
لاحظ الجمع * Both Ali and I are teachers.
Neither Ali nor I is a teacher.
8) and so تنفى بـ and nor مع نفي الفعل
* She is divorced مطلقة and so is her sister.
She isn’t divorced and nor is her sister.
مع نفى الفعل . Yet تنفى بـ Already – just
* They have already started the race .
-They haven’t started the race yet .
* She has just finished cooking .
-She has not finished cooking yet .

not as …….as عند النفي as …….as 9)
not so …………..as أو
* He is as clever as his friend .
-He is not as clever as his friend .
-He is not so clever as his friend .
مع نفى الفعل either تنفى بـtoo أو also*10)
go to the theater too .
- They will not go to the theater either.

Change the following sentences into negative :
1- The sick child needs a doctor.
2- Horses sleep in stables at night.
3- There is some butter in the disk.
4- All the boys were ready to begin the lesson
5- Give me some meat, please.
6- There is salt in my soup.
7- She tells lies.
8- I need help.
9- They talk to somebody during the lesson.
10-I eat something between meals.
11-Mary plays either the violin or the piano.
12-She can cook very well.
13-The answer is either right or wrong.
14-Both Aly and his brother are careless.
15-Both of the boys speak good English.
16-i have always seen such a beautiful picture.
17-We have always finished our exercises so quickly.
18-The team always plays better than when you conduct it.
19-If you go to Alexandria, so shall I.
20-Every girl played music.
21-We always fulfil our promise.
22-He bought some books.
23-Everyone felt happy.
24-He sold me some pencils.
25-We have sugar.


Comparison of Adjectives مقارنة الصفات

* الصفة تصف الاسم وتأتى قبله
* من الممكن أن تأتى بعد v. to be كخبر *He is poor
* من الممكن أن تأتى الصفة بعد become - go
- They become rich . - The milk went bad .
- They are clever . الصفة لا تجمع
الصفة ذات المقطع الواحد
- He is a short man . عندما نصف شخص أو شيء
* عند المقارنة بين اثنين تكون القاعدة هي إضافة er للصفة + than
Ahmed is shorter than Mohammed.
* إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف Y مسبوقة بحرف ساكن تصبح ier
* Marwa is happier than Mona.
* إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك تضعف الحرف الساكن
* Aswan is hotter than Cairo.
* عندما تكون الصفة بنفس القدر عند المقارنة تستخدم
as + adj. + as
Amal is as beautiful as the moon.
* عند المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين تكون القاعدة هي إضافة est إلى نهاية الصفة وتسبق الصفة the
* Magdy is the tallest boy in our school.
* Our house is the biggest one in the street.
الصفة ذات المقطعين أو أكثر
* عندما نصف شخص أو شيء * Mona is a beautiful girl.
* عند المقارنة بين اثنين تكون القاعدة هي more + adj. + than
* Dalia is more beautiful than Mona.
* عند المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين تكون القاعدة هي : the most + adj
* Amal is the most beautiful girl in
the school.
يتبع

[شلمار]

الصفات الشاذة
Positive
الصفة العادية Comparative
صفة المقارنة Superlative
التفضيل
good Better than The best
bad Worse than The worst
many More than The most
much More than The most
some Less than The least
little Less than The least
Farther than مسافة The farthest
Further than مسافة زمن The furthest

* بعد الصفة للأحسن ( صيغة التفضيل القصور) غالبا ما تستعمل in للأماكن of للأشخاص
* Nagy is the best boy in the class.
* Nabil is the best of the three boys.
طريقة الاختيار للصفات في الاختبارات
* قبل الأقواس (a , an , very , so , too ) نختار الصفة ذاتها.
* قبل وبعد الأقواس (as ) نختار الصفة ذاتها.
* قبل وبعد الأقواس ( اسم ) نختار الصفة التي بها more than أو er than.
* بعد الأقواس ( than ) نختار الصفة التي بها more أو er.
* قبل الأقواس (the ) نختار الصفة التي بها most أو est.
Correct the following adjectives
1- It is cool today , but it was ( cool ) yesterday.
2- This test is ( easy ) then that one
3- This book is expensive, but that one is (expensive ).
4- Your book case is ( large) than mine.
5- This is the ( interesting ) book I have ever read.
6- Suzy is ( beautiful) than her sister.
7- She is the ( thin ) girl in class.
8- The ( soon) he comes, the better.
9- The ( less ) effort makes him feel tired.
10- She is not ( intelligent ) as we think.
11- America is the ( rich) country in the world.
12- His health is ( bad ) than it was last year.
13- The weather today is ( good ) than it was yesterday.
14- He is ( selfish ) as his brother.
15- He is regarded the ( good ) writer in Egypt.
16- She is ( pretty ) than Samia.
17- This is the ( exciting ) novel I have ever read.
18- He ate ( much ) food than I.
19- He ran ( quickly) as he could.
20- The ( early ) he gets up, the better.

Choose the correct words in brackets.
1- John is ( tall – taller – tallest ) than either of his brothers.
2- He is the ( tall – taller – tallest ) of the three brothers.
3- Roses have a ( sweet – sweeter – sweetest) smell than all the flowers.
4- A diamond is a ( hard – harder- hardest ) stone.
5- Jane is ( pretty- prettier- prettiest) than her two sisters.
6- London is ( large – larger – largest) than any other capital in Europe.
7- John’s handwriting is bad but mine is ( worse- worst- the worst) .
8- Some jobs are ( dangerous- more dangerous- most dangerous ) than other.
9- The patient feels a little ( good – better – best ) today.
10- Saturday is the ( tiring – more tiring – most tiring ) day of the week.
11- Old Mrs. Smith is one of the ( kind – kinder- kindest ) women in the town.
12- The police have received ( far – further – furthest ) information about the crime.
13- He went as white ( to – as – like ) a sheet with fear.
14- He is taller ( as – for than ) his brother.
15- A pony isn’t so large ( as – to – than ) a horse.
16- She is ( pretty ) than Samia.
17- This is the ( exciting) novel I have ever read.
18- He ate ( much ) food than I.
19- He ran ( quickly ) as he could.
20- The ( early) he gets up, the better.

Choose the correct words in brackets:
1- John is ( tall-taller-tallest) than either of his brothers.
2- He is the (tall-taller-tallest) of the three brothers.
3- Roses have a ( sweet- sweeter- sweetest) smell than all the flowers.
4- A diamond is a ( hard – harder- hardest) stone.
5- Jane is ( pretty – prettier- prettiest) than her two sisters.
6- London is ( large- larger- largest)than any other capital in Europe.
7- John’s handwriting is bad but mine is ( worse- worst- the worst).
8- Some jobs are ( dangerous – more dangerous- most dangerous) than others.
9- The patient feels a little ( good – better –best ) today.
10- Saturday is the ( tiring – more tiring – most tiring ) day.
11- Old Mrs. Smith is one of the ( kind – kinder – kindest) women in the town.
12- The police have received ( far – further – furthest) information about the crime.
13- He went as white ( to – as- like ) a sheet with fear.
14- He is taller ( as- for – than ) his brother.
15- A pony isn’t so large ( as- to – than ) a horse.


يتبع

[شلمار]

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

الجمل الشرطية

IF CLOUSE Independent clause Time
meant Kind of
condition
Type 1 Present simple Future simple future probable
If he studies hard, he will succeed.
Type 2 Past simple Would/should + inf. Present or future. improbable
If he studied hard, he would ( might)succeed.
Type 3 Past prefect Would/should + have + p.p past Impossible or unfulfilled
If he had studied hard, he would have succeeded.
* تستعمل unless أيضا مثل Ifفي ربط الجمل الشرطية If clause بالجمل الرئيسية المتبوعة principal clause ، وهي تساوي If not .
*القواعد الخاصة مع If هي نفس القواعد المستخدمة مع unless
- If she had not made that mistake, she would have passed the examination.
- Unless she had made that mistake, she ………………………..
في الحالة الثالثة عندما نشير إلى شيء حدث في الماضي ولكن تأثيره أو نتيجته واضحة الأن، من الممكن استخدام would + be بدلا من would + have + التصريف الثالث.
* If he had saved the money , he would be happy now.

Choose the correct answer:
1- If you had told the doctor you were in pain, you ( were given – will be given –had been given- would have been given) an injection before.
2- If you stuck another stamp on this letter, it (would have been sent- would be sent – would be sending- was sent) by air.
3- Had the employment agency had your address, you ( would inform- would have been informed-would be informing)earlier.
4- Had you sent me a letter earlier, I (shall reserve- would reserve- should have reserved- shall reserve) a room for you.
5- He ( has been operated on – would have been operated on – will be operated on – had operated on ) if the doctor thinks it is necessary.
6- He ( learned – had learned- would have learned- would learn) more if you had agreed to help him.
7- If we ( put up – had put up – have put up – were putting up) the tent, we wouldn’t have got wet.
8- Unless they improved the roads, trade ( didn’t flourish- wouldn’t flourish- won’t flourish – wouldn’t have flourished).
9- If the Russian winter had not been so severe, Napoleon ( had- had had – might have had- might have) more success in 1812.
10- Were he to come now , he ( will find - would find- would have found- found ) me.
11- Had he money, he ( will – would – may ) help me.
12- Had he kept his word, he ( would have- will have – may have ) helped him.
13- Had she traveled to Tanta, she ( will stay – would stay- might stay- would have stayed) there.
14- Had he studied his lessons, he ( would – may – can ) have understood everything.
15- Were I in his place, I ( will do – would do – would have done) the same thing.
16- Unless he had done his best, he ( will have – would have – may have) succeeded.
17- Had he done his best, he ( will have – would have – may have) managed to do it.
18- If he does not come early, he ( will punish-will be punished- would be punished).
19- Unless I had warned him, he (will fall- would fall- would had fallen) in the pitch.
20- If aeroplanes had not been invented, traveling ( would be – might be – would have been ) difficult.

ملاحظات هامة
لاحظ الآتي جيدا وستجده مشروحا بالتفصيل في جزء ( clause, phrase ) .
1. a) Instead of “ If the little boy failed ( or were to fail )” we may use
((Were the little boy to fail)).
b) Instead of “ If it rains ( or rained ) “ we may use
((Should it rain.))
c) Instead of “ If it had rained “ we may use ( Had it rained))
d) Instead of “ If you follow my advice” we may say
((Provided that – Provided – Providing – Providing that بشرط أن you follow)) or (On condition that you follow.))
2. “Whether – or” are used to introduce alternative conditions.
Ex. Whether he goes or stays we shall remain.
3.Unless = If not
Ex. Unless he paid the money, he would be imprisoned.
4. “In case of “ or ” In the event of “can be used to change a clause of condition ( in the affirmative) في حالة المثبت into a phrase.
Ex. If he worked hard, he would succeed.
In case of working hard, he would succeed.
5. “ Without ”, “But for ” can be used to change a clause of condition (in the negative) في حالة النفي into a phrase .
Ex. -If he had not helped us, we should have drowned.
-Without (But for) his help, we should have drowned.
Also: -Without (but for) helping us, we should have drowned.

6. * If it isn’t for…………….مع الحالة الأولى
** If it weren’t for…………… مع الحالة الثانية
*** If it hadn’t been for…………..مع الحالة الثالثة

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:
1. If I see hem, I (give) him a lift.
2. If I had a typewriter,. I (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
4. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) ?
5. The flight might be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
6. If the milkman (come), tell him to leave two pints.
7. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) mad.
8. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.

Active & Passive Voice المبنى للمعلوم والمبنى للمجهول

عند بناء الجملة الخبرية للمجهول نتبع الآتي :
1) الفاعل يتأخر إلى آخر الجملة مسبوقا بكلمة by ويمكن حذفه
2) لمفعول به يتقدم إلى أول الجملة ليصبح فاعلا.
3) تأتى بتصريف v. To Be فى نفس زمن الجملة ومناسبا للفاعل الجديد
4) نضع الفعل الأصلى للجملة فى التصريف الثالث .
Mona plays tennis. Tennis is played by Mona.
- Tennis is played by Mona.
V. To Be تصريفات

مضارع بسيط am – is – are
في الأزمنة البسيطة ماضي بسيط was - were
Am
مستقبل بسيط is + going to + be / will be/ shall be
are
في الأزمنة المستمرة مضارع مستمر am being – is being – are being
ماضي مستمر was being- were being
في الأزمنة التامة مضارع تام have been – has been
ماضي تام had been
مع الأفعال الناقصة be + الفعل الناقص



يتبع

[شلمار]

ACTIVE VOICE & PASSIVE VOICE
tense Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Simple Write, writes Is or are written
Past simple wrote Was or were written
Future simple Will ( or shall) write Will be or shall be written
Present continuous Is ( am, are) writing Is ( are ) being written
Past continuous Was ( were ) writing Was ( were) being written
Future continuous Shall ( will) be writing Not used
Present perfect Has ( have) written Has (have)been written
Past perfect Had written Had been written.
Future perfect Will have written Will have been written.
Present perf. continuous Has ( have) been written Not used
Past perf. continuous Had been writing Not used
Future perf. continuous Will have been writing Not used

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

TENSE SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT
PRESENT AM AM HAS + p.p
IS IS + BEING + BEEN
ARE ARE HAVE
PAST WAS WAS HAD + p.p
+BEING +
WERE WERE BEEN
FUTURE DEFECTIVE VERBS WILL HAVE + BEEN
SHALL HAVE + BEEN + p.p

( 1 ) SIMPLE TENSES

1 – They clean the houses - The houses are cleaned by them.
2 – He drank tea. – Tea was drunk by him.
3 – He will meet his friends. – They will be met by him.
4 – She doesn’t buy book. – Books are not bought by her.

( 2 ) CONTINUOUS TENSES

1 – He is eating an apple. – An apple is being eaten by him.
2 – She was cooking fatta. – Fatta was being cooked by her.
3 – He was making baskets. – Baskets were being made by him.

( 3 ) PERSENT PERFECT

1- He has found a pen. – A pen has been found by him.
2- They have made rings. – Rings have been made by them.

( 4 ) DEFECTIVE FERBS

1- They may break the ********– The window may be broken by him.
2- She can do it. - It can be done by her.


( 5 ) SENTENCE WITH TWO OBJECTS.

1- I gave her money . She was given money (by me )
2- I gave her money . (or) money was given to her (by me)
3- He teaches us ENGLISH. We are taught English (by him)

(6) Preposition after verbs

1- He eats with a spoon. –A spoon is eaten with .
2- They speak well of her . –She is well spoken of .

(7) OTHER DIFFICULT FORMS

1- He kicked the ball quickly . – The ball was quickly kicked .
2- No body met me . – I was not met by anyone .
3- Please , give him the book . – Please , let him be given the book
4- People say that he is brave . – It is said that he is brave .
( or ) He is said to be brave.
5- He let her cheat him . – He let himself be cheated.
6- Don’t let people hear you . – Don’t let yourself be heard .
7- I hate people laughing at me . – I hate being laughed at .


يتبع

[شلمار]

(8) QUESTIONS

1- When did Sami write the letter ? - Sami wrote the letter .
- the letter was written by him .
* When was the letter written? 2- Do you meet these boys ? - I meet these boys .
- these boys are met by me .
* Are these boys met by you?

3- Who broke the ******** * by whom was the window broken?

GENERAL EXERCISE ON ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE.

Change the active form into the passive form and vice versa.
1- The servant was beating the carpet.
2- The child was run over by a motor-car.
3- The rooms are kept clean.
4- I was given a present.
5- He has been bitten by a snake.
6- Did Aly eat all the apples?
7- Was he honoured last year?
8- He is putting the books in the drawer.
9- The thief was caught.
10- He will be punished for disobedience.
11- Aly eats two apples .
12- Aly will eat an apple.
13- Aly ate an apple.
14- Ali has eaten too many apples.
15- Ali had eaten all the apples.
16- Aly is eating an apple.
17- Aly was eating apples.
18- Aly has eaten an apple.
19- Aly had eaten an apple.
20- Someone stole my fountain pen yesterday.
21- A message will be sent immediately.
22- It could not be used by them.
23- The meal has been prepared by my sister .
24- The man was being questioned by the police.
25- He had lost a large some of money.
26- Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
27- We use this room only on special occasions.
28- Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
29- Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in ?
30- They are pulling down the old cinema.
31- Someone will serve *******ments .
32- Who wrote it?
33- They showed her the easiest way to do it.
34- Did the idea interest you ?
35- Who did it?
36- The government has called out troops.
37- They have been killed by criminals.
38- He is said to be a spy.
39- We called in the police.
40- They built the school outside the town.
41- The doctor has given him some medicine.
42- Many people read the writer’s books.
43- A car will take her home after the party.
44- They gave the children presents.
45- These boys have done some good work.
46- They have taken the hens to the market.
47- A bus will take the workers home in the evening.
48- Someone has cooked this meal well.
49- You can see the river from our house.
50- They will send these bicycles abroad.
51- Smoke filled the room.
52- We have sent the children into the garden.
53- Someone has taken all the flowers from the garden.
54- A man will bring the bread to your house.
55- Nader wrote this letter.
56- They have made these bicycles in the factory.
57- They are building new houses outside the town.
58- A careless driver was driving this car.
59- A good teacher will give these lessons.
60- They make lots of cars in France.
61- Someone left a cigarette on the table.
62- A kind friend gave her that new handbag.
63- Mrs. Sawsan invited her to the party.
64- A friend gave me this gold ring.
65- Someone has cut the grass in the garden.
66- The car took them to the theatre.
67- Mr. Jones has given a present to the children.
68- People will remember this play for a long time.
69- Did Samy break this window?
70- Is Mr. Nokes doing this work?
71- Has anyone found my pen?
72- Has anyone eaten those chocolates?
73- A friend of mine wrote this letter to me.
74- Some one left the light on all night.
75- They opened a new cinema in Tanta last week.
76- People will invite you to their homes.
77- They will paint this bicycle red .
78- Someone has washed these curtains since last Monday.
79- They have taken the butter and eggs to the market.
80- They were cleaning all the carpets.
81- Someone was selling all the houses in the street.
82- Someone has eaten all the apples.
83- They asked him to speak about Egypt.
84- Someone built this castle many centuries ago.
85- You mustn’t cut pages out of the book.
86- Someone married her when she was only eighteen.
87- Did anyone teach you English?
88- They refused his offer of help.
89- Many flowers were broken by the heavy rain.
90- He was told the news by someone.
91- The children were left at home.
92- The workers had been given a week’s holiday by the manager.
93- She will be told the good news by her brother.
94- We were invited to the party by our friend Sue.
95- Many new houses have been built.
96- This book was written many centuries ago by Shakespeare.
97- This cake was made by my mother.
98- Tom has taken a photograph of Susan.
99- We have seen a lot of interesting places.

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